LNG Infrastructure and Floating LNG Consulting
A&A Consulting Services for Onshore LNG Terminal Infrastructure and Floating LNG (FLNG), FSRU, and FSU Systems — Site Development Through Offshore Installation and Commissioning — Worldwide
Assign your company's LNG infrastructure and floating LNG project development challenges to A&A, and let the high-level, seasoned LNG infrastructure and floating-systems consultants of the A&A Consulting Team put decades of hands-on LNG industry experience to work for you, around the world.
Global LNG trade hit a record 437 million tonnes in 2025, up 6.3% year-over-year, and Shell's 2026 LNG Outlook projects global demand growing to nearly 700 million tonnes a year by 2050 — roughly 65% above 2025 levels. Meeting that growth increasingly means floating, not just onshore, infrastructure: 56 Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) are now in operation worldwide, with roughly 20 more on order despite constrained shipyard capacity — a constraint that is making FSRU conversion of an existing LNG carrier an increasingly attractive alternative to a costly newbuild. On the liquefaction side, floating LNG (FLNG) capacity is on track to reach almost 22 million tonnes per annum operating in 2026, backed by an estimated $15 billion FLNG EPC award pipeline, with projects such as Mozambique's Coral Sul FLNG, the Gimi FLNG vessel serving Mauritania and Senegal, and Canada's Cedar FLNG illustrating how quickly the floating segment has moved from first-of-a-kind demonstration to a mainstream delivery option alongside conventional onshore liquefaction and regasification terminals.
Avasthi & Associates, Inc. (A&A) is an independent LNG and offshore engineering consulting firm. A&A does not sell LNG process licenses, vessels, shipyard construction, or EPC services, and holds no equity in any terminal, vessel, or project — our only business is expert technical consulting, which means A&A's LNG infrastructure and floating-system recommendations are never influenced by a stake in any particular vendor, shipyard, or technology.
A&A's expertise on LNG infrastructure and floating LNG projects spans onshore terminal siting and infrastructure development, and offshore floating system (FLNG/FSRU/FSU) concept, design, and project development, through fabrication, tow, installation, and commissioning. For detailed LNG process engineering — process simulations, PFDs, H&MBs, and P&IDs, please see A&A's dedicated LNG Process Engineering Consulting Services. If your company needs LNG terminal site development, floating LNG concept and project development, FSRU/FSU conversion consulting, or floating-system safety and installation support, please contact us — the high-level, seasoned consultants and subject-matter experts (SMEs) of the A&A Consulting Team, and collaborators, are available to help your company, around the world.
1. Onshore LNG Terminal Infrastructure Development
• Liquefaction and Regasification Terminal Site Selection and Development: evaluating and selecting sites for onshore liquefaction (export) and regasification (import) terminals, including permitting and stakeholder considerations
• LNG Storage Tank Technology Selection: evaluating onshore LNG storage tank technologies — full-containment and membrane designs — matched to a terminal's capacity, siting, and regulatory requirements
• Marine Terminal, Jetty, and Pipeline Tie-In Infrastructure: planning the jetty, berthing, and pipeline interconnection infrastructure that ties an onshore terminal to its marine LNG carrier traffic and upstream/downstream gas pipeline network
• Brownfield Expansion and Debottlenecking: evaluating capacity-expansion and debottlenecking opportunities for existing onshore liquefaction or regasification terminals. Conducting studies aimed at evaluating additional LNG storage capacity at LNG terminals.
2. Floating LNG (FLNG, FSRU, FSU) Concept and Project Development
• Floating System Concept and Project Development: concept selection and project development for FLNG, FSRU, and FSU floating systems
• Business Development and Full LNG Supply-Chain Planning: developing the full LNG supply chain — gas receiving, liquefaction, LNG storage, LNG transportation, LNG regasification, and gas send-out — including CAPEX and OPEX estimation, and business model and risk analysis
• LNG Terminal (FLNG, FSU, and FSRU) Development and Design: location selection, jetty design, and shallow-water mooring system design for a floating LNG terminal
3. FSRU and FSU Conversion Project Consulting
• Candidate Vessel Condition Assessment and Selection: assessing candidate LNG carriers for conversion to FSRU or FSU service, and selecting the vessel best suited to a project's technical and commercial requirements
• Conversion Project Development: developing the conversion project's technical scope, schedule, and commercial structure
• Conversion Engineering: engineering the regasification, storage, and offloading systems a converted vessel requires
With shipyard slots for FSRU newbuilds increasingly constrained, conversion of an existing LNG carrier is an increasingly attractive path to floating regasification capacity — A&A's conversion consulting spans candidate selection through conversion engineering.
4. Floating LNG System Engineering and Technology Selection
• Liquefaction and Regasification Technology Selection and Topside Modularization: selecting the liquefaction or regasification process technology and topside module configuration best suited to a floating system's size, motion, and weight constraints
• LNG Storage (Membrane and SPB Tanks) Technology and Selection: selecting the LNG containment system — membrane or self-supporting prismatic (SPB) tanks — appropriate to a floating vessel's size and motion characteristics
• Cryogenic Loading and Offloading Technology and Selection: selecting cryogenic transfer systems for ship-to-ship or ship-to-shore LNG loading and offloading
• Floating LNG System Design: hull and topsides design, mooring system design, and offshore installation planning
5. Floating LNG System Safety, Construction, and Installation
• HAZID, HAZOP, and Operation Safety Case Study: facilitating hazard identification, hazard and operability studies, and operational safety case development for floating LNG systems
• Yard Construction and Pre-Commissioning Strategy Development: developing the yard construction sequencing and pre-commissioning strategy for a floating LNG system
• Tow, Offshore Installation, and Offshore Commissioning: planning and supporting the tow-out, offshore installation, and offshore commissioning of a floating LNG system
• FEED and Project EPCIC Schedule Estimate: developing front-end engineering design (FEED) deliverables and an Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Installation, and Commissioning (EPCIC) schedule estimate
• Project and Engineering Management: project management and engineering management support across concept studies and FEED for floating systems
Related A&A Service: For A&A's full LNG process engineering consulting services — process concept development, FEED, detailed engineering, process safety, and commissioning support — please see A&A's LNG Process Engineering Consulting Services page.
Related A&A Service: This page is one of two services under A&A's LNG consulting practice — for A&A's full LNG service directory, please see A&A's LNG Consulting page.
Software and Technical Tools
The high-level, seasoned consultants of the A&A Consulting Team are expert users of the industry-standard software and technical tools used for state-of-the-art LNG infrastructure and floating-system studies, including:
• OrcaFlex: for mooring system and marine riser/hose dynamic analysis
• ANSYS AQWA: for hydrodynamic analysis of floating hulls and vessel motions
• SACS / SESAM: for structural analysis of hulls and topsides
• Aspen HYSYS: for liquefaction and regasification process/cycle evaluation supporting technology selection
• Primavera P6 / MS Project: for FEED and EPCIC schedule development and estimation
Deliverables
The high-level, seasoned consultants of the A&A Consulting Team deliver decision-grade technical and commercial intelligence for complex LNG infrastructure and floating LNG projects, including, but not limited to:
• An onshore terminal site-selection and infrastructure development study
• An FLNG/FSRU/FSU concept-selection and project development study
• A conversion feasibility study and conversion engineering package for a candidate vessel
• A FEED-ready technical basis and EPCIC schedule estimate
• HAZID/HAZOP study reports and an operation safety case
• High-quality investor-grade reports, regulatory submissions, and executive presentations
To put the high-level, seasoned consultants and subject-matter experts (SMEs) of the A&A Consulting Team, and collaborators, to work on your company's challenging LNG infrastructure and floating LNG projects, around the world, please contact us.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does this page relate to A&A's LNG Process Engineering Consulting Services?
This page covers onshore terminal infrastructure development and offshore floating system (FLNG/FSRU/FSU) concept, design, and project development — location, hull, topsides, mooring, conversion, and installation. A&A's LNG Process Engineering Consulting Services page covers the detailed process engineering — process simulations, PFDs, H&MBs, and P&IDs — behind the liquefaction, gas treatment, storage, and regasification systems those terminals and vessels contain. Most projects need both, and A&A's consultants work across both disciplines.
What is the difference between a newbuild FSRU and a converted FSRU?
A newbuild FSRU is purpose-built as a regasification vessel from the keel up; a converted FSRU starts as an existing LNG carrier that is re-engineered to add regasification equipment. With shipyard slots for FSRU newbuilds increasingly constrained by yards prioritizing standard LNG carrier production, conversion has become an increasingly attractive way to bring new floating regasification capacity online faster and at lower capital cost, provided a suitable candidate vessel is available.
How large is the current floating LNG fleet?
56 FSRUs are in operation worldwide as of early 2026, with roughly 20 more on order for delivery by the end of the decade. On the liquefaction side, floating LNG (FLNG) capacity is on track to reach almost 22 million tonnes per annum operating in 2026, backed by an estimated $15 billion FLNG EPC award pipeline of projects in various stages of development.
Does A&A design, build, or operate LNG vessels or terminals itself?
No. A&A is an independent LNG and offshore engineering consulting firm. A&A does not sell LNG process licenses, vessels, shipyard construction, or EPC services, and holds no equity in any terminal, vessel, or project, so A&A's recommendations are never influenced by a stake in any particular vendor, shipyard, or technology.
